Posterior Fossa Surgery
Background
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Posterior fossa contains: brainstem, cerebellum & cranial nerves IV to XII
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Pathology requiring surgery usually includes: congenital lesions (e.g. Arnold-Chiari malformation), tumours, acoustic neuromas, vascular lesions
Considerations
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Indication for procedure & status/complications of neurological disease (↑ ICP)
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Considerations of patient positioning & potential complications (lateral, prone, sitting)
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Anesthetic modifications for neuromonitoring: TIVA anesthesia, no paralysis
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Facilitation of brain relaxation: TIVA, SjvO2 for titration, mannitol, hyperventilation
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Complications:
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Hemorrhage
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Venous air embolism (VAE)
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Hemodynamic instability from brainstem manipulation
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Limited access to patient (foresight required in planning airway, access, monitoring)
Goals
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Maintenance of CPP
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Facilitation of neuromonitoring
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Optimal brain relaxation for surgical exposure
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Rapid & smooth emergence
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Stable hemodynamics on emergence
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Vigilance & monitoring for VAE if high risk position