Crush Injuries
Considerations
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Critically ill/trauma patient/ATLS
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Co-existing traumatic injuries
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Complications of rhabdomyolysis:
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Hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, anion-gap metabolic acidosis
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Myoglobinuria & renal failure
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DIC (rare, can happen with severe rhabdomyolysis)
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Goals
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ATLS resuscitation
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Treat underlying condition
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Prevention of hyperkalemia:
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No succinylcholine
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No potassium-containing fluids
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Monitor K closely
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Prevention of acute tubular necrosis (ATN):
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Start with 2L bolus NS then, isotonic fluid at ~500 cc/hr for 24 hours titrated to urine output of 200-300 cc/hr
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Alkaline therapy: 3 amps of HCO3- in 1L D5W at 2x maintainence titrated to urine pH > 6.5 (generally, a total of 200-300 mEq of bicarbonate is given on the first day)
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Must monitor:
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Serum bicarbonate/pH: do NOT allow serum pH >7.5
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Calcium: severe hypocalcemia is a side-effect
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Potassium
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Urine pH
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Mannitol 5 g/hr infusion for a total of 1-2g/kg per day maximum
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Loop diuretics if volume overload
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